Water Hardness in California Cities

Water Hardness in California Cities

Water hardness, indicated by the level of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium, varies across the diverse landscapes of California. Situated along the western coast of the U.S., California’s water hardness levels are highly variable, reflecting the complex geological makeup of the state.

In California, the water hardness can range from very soft in certain areas to extremely hard in others, mirroring the varied geology and the sources of the state’s water. For example, regions with rapid runoff from mountain snowmelt, like those in the Sierra Nevada, typically have softer water because the water has limited interaction with mineral-rich soils or rocks. On the other hand, areas with a great deal of sedimentary rock, such as parts of the Central Valley, may have harder water due to higher concentrations of dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium.

These differences in water hardness across California not only affect the taste of the water but also have implications for the performance of soaps and detergents. Additionally, there is an impact on the maintenance of plumbing systems and the longevity of household appliances. Given California’s vast size and geological diversity, water hardness levels are far from consistent and can change markedly, underscoring the importance of localized water treatment methods and continual water quality monitoring.

The data provided demonstrates a range of water hardness levels across various cities in California, measured in parts per million (ppm) and Grains Per Gallon (gpg). For example, Santa Clarita and Oxnard have particularly high water hardness levels, reaching upwards of 437.5 ppm, 25.53 gpg. In contrast, cities such as San Francisco and Anaheim report remarkably soft water, with measurements as low as 18.0 ppm, 1.05 gpg. There is, however, a noteworthy lack of water hardness data for certain areas including Elk Grove and Rancho Cucamonga, as no current figures are available for these cities.

City Hardness ppm (mg/L) Hardness gpg Information Source Notes
Los Angeles 195.0 11.4 Link Took mean of six sources
San Diego 260.7 15.2 Link Took mean of three treatment plants
San Jose 238.2 13.9 Link Took mean of six treatment plants
San Francisco 32.0 1.9 Link
Fresno 108.0 6.3 Link
Sacramento 141.0 8.2 Link
Long Beach 121.0 7.1 Link Used the “Blended Zone” number which includes water purchased from other systems and distributed through LB
Oakland 63.8 3.7 Link Took mean of three treatment plants serving Oakland city
Bakersfield 68.4 4.0 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Anaheim 18.0 1.1 Link
Stockton 92.0 5.4 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Riverside 202.0 11.8 Link
Santa Ana 248.0 14.5 Link
Irvine 226.0 13.2 Link Took mean of three listed sources
Chula Vista 220.8 12.9 Link
Fremont 148.0 8.6 Link Took blended water average
Santa Clarita 420.0 24.5 Link Took only Santa Clarita Water Division from SCV Water Report
San Bernardino 249.4 14.6 Link
Modesto 211.0 12.3 Link
Moreno Valley 197.3 11.5 Link Took mean of four listed sources for Moreno Valley area
Fontana 149.7 8.7 Link
Oxnard 437.5 25.6 Link
Huntington Beach 161.0 9.4 Link
Glendale 360.3 21.0 Link Took mean of seven listed sources for Glendale
Elk Grove n/a n/a Link Corrupted PDF files for last 3 years of CCRs when checked
Ontario 138.0 8.1 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Santa Rosa 112.0 6.5 Link
Rancho Cucamonga n/a n/a Link Website Down when checked
Oceanside 218.8 12.8 Link Took mean of five listed sources
Garden Grove 265.0 15.5 Link
Lancaster 82.5 4.8 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Palmdale 115.0 6.7 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Salinas 320.0 18.7 Link
Hayward 32.0 1.9 Link
Corona 162.0 9.5 Link Used treated average system water value
Sunnyvale 144.3 8.4 Link Took mean of three listed source
Roseville 78.5 4.6 Link Took mean of two listed sources
Escondido 265.0 15.5 Link
Pomona 199.8 11.7 Link Took mean of four listed sources
Torrance 211.0 12.3 Link Purchases from Metro Water Dist. of SoCal Took average of 5 sources, not clear what the exact blend was for Torrance
Visalia 77.0 4.5 Link
Fullerton 278.5 16.3 Link
Orange 17.0 1.0 Link
Victorville 28.1 1.6 Link
Pasadena 276.0 16.0 Link
Santa Clara 296.0 17.3 Link
Simi Valley 280.0 16.4 Link
Thousand Oaks 140.4 8.2 Link Used weighted mean of the two sources that account for 92% of supply, although others are listed
Vallejo 188.0 11.0 Link
Concord 119.0 7.0 Link Part of Contra Costa Water District
Clovis 120.4 7.0 Link
Fairfield 162.0 9.5 Link
Berkeley 63.8 3.7 Link Same water district as Oakland, used those numbers
Richmond 63.8 3.7 Link Same water district as Oakland, used those numbers
Carlsbad 197.9 11.6 Link
Antioch 110.0 6.4 Link Took mean of two sources
Murrieta 116.4 6.8 Link
Downey 267.0 15.6 Link
Temecula 218.5 12.8 Link Uses Rancho California Water (https://temeculaca.gov/754/Utilities)
Costa Mesa 278.5 16.3 Link
San Buenaventura (Ventura) 479.0 28.0 Link Took mean of three sources
Santa Maria 275.0 16.1 Link Took mean of two “Blend” values
West Covina 280.0 16.4 Link West Covina uses multiple water sources, took the Covina report as that’s the closest city geographically (https://www.westcovina.org/departments/community-development/engineering-division/water-utilities-emergency-numbers)
Jurupa Valley 168.0 9.8 Link
El Monte 260.0 15.2 Link
Menifee 197.3 11.5 Link Same system as Moreno Valley
El Cajon 238.0 14.0 Link El Cajon served by Helix Water (https://www.elcajon.gov/your-government/departments/public-works/utilities/other-utilities)
Burbank 315.0 18.4 Link
Inglewood 235.0 13.7 Link
Rialto 158.0 9.2 Link Used City of Rialto number only
Vacaville 183.3 10.7 Link
Chico 120.0 7.0 Link
San Mateo 34.0 2.0 Link
Daly City 32.0 1.9 Link
Hesperia 74.6 4.4 Link
Norwalk 266.0 15.5 Link
Vista 214.4 12.5 Link Took mean of five sources
Tracy 143.0 8.4 Link Took mean of three sources
San Marcos 226.7 13.2 Link
Compton 218.6 12.8 Link
Carson 171.5 10.0 Link Served by Rancho Domingo
Redding 70.3 4.1 Link Took mean of two sources
Chino 170.9 10.0 Link Took mean of three sources
Mission Viejo 278.0 16.2 Link Covered by Santa Margarita Water District (https://cityofmissionviejo.org/water-conservation)
South Gate 227.1 13.3 Link
Santa Monica 277.3 16.2 Link Took mean of listed sources
Hemet 155.0 9.1 Link
Indio 148.5 8.7 Link
Westminster 262.5 15.3 Link
Merced 114.0 6.7 Link
San Leandro 63.8 3.7 Link Covered under same district as Oakland
Santa Barbara 287.0 16.8 Link
Citrus Heights 74.0 4.3 Link
San Ramon 235.0 13.7 Link
Livermore 234.0 13.7 Link
Hawthorne 236.5 13.8 Link
Manteca 136.0 7.9 Link
Lake Forest 278.0 16.2 Link Covered by El Toro Water District
Whittier 230.3 13.5 Link
Newport Beach 278.0 16.2 Link
Top 100 California cities by population and their reported water hardness
ppm = Parts Per Million
mg/L = Milligrams Per Liter
gpg = Grains Per Gallon

Hard water can cause issues such as mineral buildup in plumbing and appliances, reduce the efficacy of soaps and detergents, and affect the taste of the water. A tried and true solution is the use of a water softener. A water softener, like the ones from DROP, could be a worthwhile investment.

These devices work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions that cause hardness with sodium ions, resulting in softer water. With innovative features, easy installation, and efficient operation, DROP smart water softeners provide a solution to hard water issues, extending the lifespan of appliances, improving water taste, enhancing soap effectiveness, reducing scale build-up, and increasing the overall water efficiency in your home.

Back to blog